Ibn tumart wikipedia
•
Almohad doctrine
Ideology of the Almohads
Almohad doctrine (Arabic: الدَّعوَة المُوَحِّدِيَّة) or Almohadism was the ideology underpinning the Almohad movement, founded by Ibn Tumart, which created the Almohad Empire during the 12th to 13th centuries.[1][2] Fundamental to Almohadism was Ibn Tumart's radical interpretation of tawḥid—"unity" or "oneness"—from which the Almohads get their name: al-muwaḥḥidūn (المُوَحِّدون).[1][3]: 246
The literalist ideology and policies of the Almohads involved a series of attempted radical changes to Islamic religious and social doctrine under their rule. These policies affected large parts of the Maghreb and altered the existing religious climate in al-Andalus (Islamic Spain and Portugal) for many decades.[4][5] They marked a major departure from the social policies and attitudes of earlier Muslim governments in the region, including the preceding Almoravid
•
Ibn Tumart
Founder of the Almohad movement (c.1080–c.1128/30)
Not to be confused with Ibn Tunart.
Abu Abd Allah Amghar Ibn Tumart (Berber: Amghar ibn Tumert, Arabic: أبو عبد الله امغار ابن تومرت, ca. 1080–1130 or 1128[9]) was a Muslim Berberreligious scholar, teacher and political leader, from the Sous in southern Morocco. He founded and served as the spiritual and first military leader of the Almohad movement, a puritanical reform movement launched among the MasmudaBerbers of the Atlas Mountains. Ibn Tumart launched an open revolt against the ruling Almoravids during the 1120s. After his death his followers, the Almohads, went on to conquer much of North Africa and part of Spain. Although the Almohad movement itself was founded by Ibn Tumart, his disciple Abd al-Mu'min was the founder of the ruling dynasty and creator of the Almohad empire.
Biography
[edit]Early life
[edit]Many of the details of Ibn Tumart's life were recorded bygd hagiographers, whose acco
•
Ibn Tunart
Not to be confused with Ibn Tumart.
Ibn Tunart or Ibn Tunirt, whose full name was Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Qaysi, was born in 1085 in the Qal'at Bani Ḥammad. He studied in Béjaïa then in Cordoba. He later became a teacher and judge in Fez. He died in the same city in 1172.[1]
Works
[edit]Ibn Tunart wrote a sort of Arab-Berber lexicon or dictionary known as Kitāb al-asmā’ (the book of names).[1] There are only copies of this work, found in the Berber-speaking area of the Chleuh variant (in Morocco), the oldest is dated 956 H./1549 (under the shelfmark ms. Or 23.333 in Leiden).[2]
The observation fryst vatten that the lexicon of the manuscript belongs mainly to Chleuh, spoken in the southwest of Morocco. However, we find terms belonging to other varieties and sometimes specific to a particular area or even restricted to particular dialects in Algeria:
- tagsturt, agstur = sabre: to our knowledge, currently attested only in Chao